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( List of Lectures )

Lecture [1]: Structural and Construction Safety (Short Course: 5 parts)
Prof. em. ETHZ Joerg Schneider

Duration: 242:56 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: structure, failure, hazard, scenario, safety, risk, error, probability, reliability, model, cost, consensus
Summary: This presentation is a Short Course on Structural & Construction Safety, including 5 parts: 0 Short Introduction; 1 Failing structures -- Structural Safety revisited; 2 Deterministic versus stochastic thinking; 3 An introduction to Structural Reliability; 4 Safety -- A matter of risk, cost, and consensus; 5 Reducing the chance of Human Error

Lecture [2]: Challenges in Education - Conceptual and Structural Design
Prof. Dr. Mike Schlaich

Duration: 23:43 minutes
Event: Budapest
Keywords: Education, Conceptual Design, Structural Design
Summary: Responding to tomorrow's challenges in Structural Engineering'' is the theme of the IABSE 2006 conference in Budapest and the final invitation defines its objective with a series of questions suchas ''what will be expected from structural engineers'' and ''what capabilities should they develop?''.The conference firmly focuses on the future and, therefore, one should start where the future starts:in education of structural engineers. This presentations tries to provide answers to the question what up-todateeducation should consist of. It claims that teaching not only Structural Design but alsoConceptual Design, both for all materials and in parallel to theory, should be today's way to educatestudents in structural engineering at the university.

Lecture [3]: Structural Design Codes: The Bridge Between Research and Practice
Prof. Dr. Ted Galambos

Duration: 31:47 minutes
Event: Budapest
Keywords: Design Standards, Performance based design, Building Codes
Summary: Research on the behavior of structural components and systems has always played animportant role on the development of the design standards that regulate and unify thework of structural engineers. After a review of the history of design code experience inNorth America, this paper discusses the tasks ahead for promulgating future standards forlooming future design tasks. It is concluded that a new paradigm for these regulationsmust replace the current system with its many prescriptive rules. A case is made forPerformance-Based Design as the future format to be implemented.

Lecture [4]: Wind-Induced Vibrations of Structures and Their Control
Prof. Dr. MANABU ITO

Duration: 46:00 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: Wind, Vibrations of Structures, Aerodynamic, shaping pylon, Tatam Bridge Tower
Summary:

Lecture [5]: Increasing the Load Capacity of Major Bridges
Dr. Peter G. Buckland

Duration: 44:17 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: Bridge, Existing, Major, Suspension, Cable-stayed, Load, Upgrading.suspension bridge, deck replacement, orthotropic deck, renovation.
Summary: By the use of examples from the Authors' experience, various methods are shown of increasing the load capacity of major bridges, while keeping traffic flowing all or most of the time. These methods include refined calculations of loads and load factors, ''prestressing'' the hangers of a suspension bridge, altering load paths, converting a suspension bridge into a cable-stayed bridge,replacing the suspended structure of a suspension bridge, altering the steel grade of a suspension bridge, and making the roadway deck composite with the main structure. (Summary from the paper entitled: " Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Large Infrastructure Projects, Bridges and Tunnels" published in the IABSE Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2006 May 15-17)

Lecture [6]: Lions' Gate Bridge and Advances in Suspension Bridge Engineering
Dr. Peter G. Buckland

Duration: 66:44 minutes
Event: Lectures at ETHZ
Keywords: Bridge, Existing, Major, Suspension, Cable-stayed, Load, Upgrading, suspension bridge, deck replacement, orthotropic deck, renovation.
Summary: This presentation will focus on the design, fabrication, and erection for the replacement of the suspended structure of Lions' Gate Bridge. This is believed to be the first time a major suspension bridge has had its entire suspended structure replaced while maintaining daytime traffic (Summary from the paper published in the IABSE conference, Seoul, Korea, June 2001)

Lecture [7]: Disaster Risk Reduction and the Structural Engineer
Prof. Paul Grundy

Duration: 117:00 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: Tropical Cyclones, Disaster Reduction, Risk Assessment, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Storm Surges, Seismic Resistant Design, Retrofitting
Summary:

Lecture [8]: Great demand and great challenge - Chinese major bridge projects under construction for improving traffic infrastructure nationwide
Prof. Yaojun GE, Prof. H. F. Xiang

Duration: 33:16 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Suspension bridge; Span length; Potential requirement; Technological Feasibility;aerodynamic limitation
Summary: Under the background of high annual growth rates of GDP, China has experienced with the evergrowing demand in improving traffic infrastructure nationwide for about three decades, which results in intensive investment in traffic infrastructure development, in particular highway transportation construction. Two ground plans, the National Trunk Highway System and the National Expressway Network, have been launched successively, and thousands of highway bridges have been built for each year. In order to meet with the great demand in highway bridge development, Chinese bridge community is facing several challenges in the design and analysis of major bridges, especially of super long-span bridges. Aerodynamic challenge of suspension bridges was introduced by three typical examples including a single-box-girder with a central stabilizer, a twin-box-girder and a trial design with the combination of stabilizers and central slotted decks. Bridging capacity challenge was explained by three cable-stayed bridges with about 1000 m main span and a record-breaking span-length arch bridge. The other technical challenge was focused on the rational design and analysis of a double main span suspension bridge and a twin parallel deck cable-stayed bridge.

Lecture [9]: Evolution of Bridges
Dr. Man-Chung Tang

Duration: 21:16 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Bridges, Bridge evolution, Stone bridges, Steel bridges, Concrete bridges, Bridge technology
Summary: The evolution of bridge technology can be divided into two major eras: The Arch Era, from 2000 BC to the end of 18th century, was dominated by the Roman structures. They were practically all stone arches. The Contemporary Era that followed and continues today, flourished after steel was commercially available as a construction material in the mid 19th century. All modern bridge types including girder bridges, cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges and arch bridges, especially those with larger spans, have been possible only because of the high strength of steel, both in compression and in tension.

Lecture [10]: Life cycle management of infrastructures:towards an integrated approach of design, execution and maintenance.
Prof. Dr. Aad van der Horst

Duration: 26:22 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Integrated design, life cycle management, RAMS analysis, Systems Engineering, construction, maintenance, design process
Summary: This presentation presents principles of life cycle optimization from an engineering point of view. The optimization is reached through interaction between the disciplines of design, construction and maintenance. Process aspects, tools and criteria are discussed with focus on the reliability of these aspects.

Lecture [11]: Design for movements in bridges
Mr. Ove Sorensen, Matthew L. Bloomstine, Niels Bitsch, Poul Linneberg

Duration: 21:21 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Cable supported bridges, Articulation systems for bridges, Bearings, Expansion joint,Hydraulic supports.
Summary: Many years of experience of design and maintenance of bridges shows that movement structures are among the more expensive as far as maintenance costs are concerned. These structures are the so-called mechanical ones and require regular maintenance from time to time, or part or full replacement. The design philosophy should therefore be based on: - as few as possible movement structures - long durability - easy to maintain and replace This paper describes: Typical movement structures like expansion joints, bearings, hydraulic and mechanical dampers and cable support arrangements that allow movements. General arrangements of the articulation systems of some major bridges relating to the above mentioned design philosophies. Installation, operation and maintenance experiences. Special features in connection with replacement of the Teflon sliding disks in spherical bearings after 22 years of use. Experience from replacement of a 35-year-old roller shutter expansion joint with a new water tight modular type on a suspension bridge. Challenges in the future.

Lecture [12]: Adding confidence and reducing risk - the role of independent design checking in major projects
Mr. Ian Firth

Duration: 33:20 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Independent design check. Design verification. Independent certification. Category 3checking. Design review. Risk reduction
Summary: Responsible clients and designers commission an independent check of their designs, particularlywhen the scale or complexity of the project requires it. This presentation explores the culture ofindependent checking that exists in the UK, especially in connection with major bridges, andexamines the benefits to be gained from such an approach. The cost of adding confidence andreducing risk through such a check is very small compared to the enormous benefits gained,particularly on major projects.The author draws on his own experience as well as published information to illustrate theimportance of establishing such a culture of independent checking everywhere.

Lecture [13]: Retrofitting of fatigue damaged steel bridge
Prof. Chitoshi Miki, Takuyo Konishi

Duration: 30:08 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Fatigue, Retrofit, Repair, Improvement
Summary: The cases of fatigue damage, repair and retrofit applied are presented. The causes of fatigue damageare categorized as follows. (a) welding defects were remained during fabrication, (b) inappropriatestructural details of low fatigue strength were adopted, (c) stresses and deformations unforeseen indesign occurred at joints of members (d) structures behavior in a manner not expected, such as vibrationdue to wind. Case studies include girder bridges, orthotropic steel bridge decks, steel bridge pierstructures and others.

Lecture [14]: Incheon Bridge Project -The role of the Contractor's Checking Engineer
Dr. Innes Flett

Duration: 16:31 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Independent design check; cable-stayed bridge; sea crossing; ship impact
Summary: A 12.3 km long sea crossing is currently under construction at Incheon in South Korea. At a cost of US$1.4 billion, the crossing will link the new Incheon International Airport on Yeongjong island to Songdo (New City) and the new International Free Enterprise Zone (IFEZ) which are both currently under construction. A cable stayed bridge will cross the 625.5m wide by 74m high navigation channel leading to the Port of Incheon. With an 800m long main span, this will be the longest spanning bridge in South Korea and will form part of one of the longest sea crossings in the world. A joint venture team comprising Halcrow, Arup and local consultant Dasan was appointed by design and construct contractor Samsung Construction JV (SCJV) as the Contractor's Checking Engineer (CCE) in March 2005.

Lecture [15]: The Development of Cable-Stayed Bridges since John Robling
Mr. Holger Svensson

Duration: 17:08 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Suspension bridges, Stay cables, Cable-stayed bridges, Bridge construction, Bridge ropes, Deflections, Aerodynamics, parallel wire cables, parallel strand cables, concentrated tendons
Summary: John Roebling was one of the most visionary bridge engineers of the 19th Century. He started the fabrication of bridge cables and pioneered the design of suspension bridges for which he initiated the use of stay cables to stiffen them. After WW2 the use of stay cables was re-discovered and the new type of cable-stayed bridges became very successful. The developments Roebling started 150 years ago are still in progress today.

Lecture [16]: Incrementally Launched Bridges along the A 71/73 Special Features
Dr. sc. techn. Roland von Woelfel

Duration: 14:00 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: incrementally launched bridges, prestressing, external prestressing
Summary: Approximately half of the major bridges (length of more than 250m) along the motorway A 71 and A 73 through the Thuringian Forest were incrementally launched. This is true for reinforced concrete box girder bridges as well as for steel composite bridges. By means of a statistic analysis spans and construction depths are presented and conclusions are drawn for the design and the construction of the bridges. Special features are addressed in particular examples of selected bridges, thereby concentrating on some distinctively German characteristics.

Lecture [17]: Woodrow Wilson Bridge Bascule Span
Mr. Sean Bluni

Duration: 15:00 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Bascule bridge, movable bridge, v-shaped piers, post-tensioning, segmental concrete, trunnion, moment locks, tail locks, bridge control system
Summary: A mile-long signature replacement structure has been designed to replace the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge on the I-95 Interstate System. With eight independent bascule leaves and a movable mass of 19000 metric tons, the bascule span is the largest movable bridge in the U.S. and possibly the world. To meet extraordinary public demands, the new bascule bridge has been constructed with many unique features including aesthetic V-shaped concrete piers, fully-composite concrete decks, moment-transferring span locking system, details to accommodate a future transit system, and a fully-redundant electrical control system. These components are amongst the innovative, interdisciplinary features described in this presentation.

Lecture [18]: A New Concept for a Vertical Lift Bridge in Rouen - France
Mr. Michel Moussard

Duration: 18:00 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Lift bridge, steel, wind, dolphins, architecture
Summary: A large new lift bridge is being completed over the River Seine, half way between the City of Rouen and its harbour located downstream.To fit with this environment engineers and architects have designed an innovative structure, which combines efficiency, reliability and elegance.Its masterpiece is the lifting system, located in between the two independent lifting spans. It features two reinforced concrete hollow shafts supporting an innovative and ingenious butterfly-shaped, cross leverage system, which optimizes both structural and mechanical designs.

Lecture [19]: Failure Analysis as a Base for Developing Quality Control Systems
Dr. -Ing. Robert Hertle

Duration: 20:00 minutes
Event: Weimar
Keywords: Failure Research, Design Checks, Execution Checks, Inspection Concepts, Monitoring, Maintenance, Rehabilitation, Project-Book
Summary: Recent experiences and wide spread surveys on the quality of building constructions with respect to life-time aspects like alterations in the profile of use, deterioration of the quality of the used materials due to fatigue, climatic effects etc. and in many cases a lack of inspection and maintenance led to the development of new guidelines for addressing these problems. These guidelines, splitted in two parts, one more formal one dealing with general questions and legal aspects, the other laid out to give tangible technical information for the engineer doing on site checks to determine the structural strength of the construction under consideration, are based on a risk assessment concept which judges possible failures against possible hazards of the structure, the profile of use and the robustness and ductility of the structure. These concepts are partly elaborated in analogy to the well know risk assessment concepts of earthquake engineering. The base for the life-time monitoring is a reliable data base of the structural properties in form of a ''Project-Book''. For buildings to be constructed it is recommended to develop this project-book parallel to the design, for existing buildings the relevant data must be gathered, if necessary with on site inspection and material testing. Provision for the necessary qualifications of the engineer who is doing the checks are made also with respect to the question of responsibility when judging and certifying the build infrastructure.

Lecture [20]: About the Network Arch
Per Tveit, dr. ing, Docent Emeritus

Duration: 60:00 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: Bridge, Network Arch, Cable, Rail, Road
Summary: The optimal network arch is a steel arch bridge with a concrete tie. Some hangers cross each other at least twice. The optimal network arch makes good use of high strength steels. The bridge type normally saves between 50% to 75% of the steel compared to other steel bridges. The welds are short and the cost of fabrication is low. The partially prestressed concrete tie and the small steel surfaces give low maintenance costs. Nevertheless the cost of the steel per tonne will be moderate. For detailed information on network arches refer to Ref. [1] The Brandanger Bridge in Norway currently under design will have a span of 220 m . Preliminary investigations indicate that approximately 40% of the cost can be saved by using a network arch instead of a beam bridge. For many equal spans above navigable water high strength concrete can be used in the arches of spans that are floated to the pillars. (From the introduction of the paper entitled: "An Introduction to the Optimal Network Arch", published in the IABSE SEI Journal 2/2007)

Lecture [21]: Electricity from the Sun
Prof. Dr. Jorg Schlaich & Dr. Rudolf Bergermann

Duration: 67:21 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: Electricity, Solar, Energy, Glass roof, Turbine, Wheels
Summary:

Lecture [22]: Structures for Stadium projects
Dipl. -Ing. Knut Goppert

Duration: 80:00 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: Cable Truss; Retractable Folding Fabric, Compression Ring, Lightweight Translucent Stadium Roof Systems, Stadium
Summary: The roof is a lightweight structure consisting of three major parts: - the edge panel supporting the compression ring (6000 m2); - the fi xed main roof (27,000 m2) using radial cable trusses and two tension rings and; - the retractable inner roof (8,000 m2) supported by radial cable trusses. In the plane of the roof, the three components structurally exploit the principle of the spoked-wheel. In order to adjust the roof geometry at the outer corners of the stadium bowl, the circle was modified to create a more rectangular form. 44 pairs of radial cables are connected to the compression ring. To achieve an out-of-plane stiffness for the roof, the radial cables are spread vertically, leading to two tension rings at the inner edge of the fixed roof portion. The structure for the inner roof follows the same principle. The retractable roof can be unfolded by pulling its outer edges towards the lower tension ring. Sitting in the world's largest convertible greatly improves the spectator's experience at the stadium (From the introduction of the paper entitled: ''A Spoked Wheel Structure for the World's largestConvertible Roof - The New Commerzbank Arena inFrankfurt, Germany'', published in the IABSE SEI Journal 4/2007)

Lecture [23]: Cable Vibrations in Cable-Stayed Bridges, part (1): Assessment, part (2): Mitigation
Ms. Elsa de Sa Caetano

Duration: 75:00 minutes
Event: Specially recorded for IABSE e-Learning
Keywords: Cable Vibrations, Assessment, Vibration phenomena, Wind, Cable Stayed Bridge, Wind Load, Rain-Wind, SED9
Summary: This Lecture is relevant to IABSE SED 9 by Dr. E. Caetano, It describes the dynamic tests performed on Vasco da Gama cable-stayed bridge so as to accurately identify its most significant modal parameters from the aerodynamic and seismic point of view. The main results obtained on the basis of ambient vibration and free vibration tests are presented and correlated with the corresponding parameters provided by the finite element model developed at the design stage. Moreover, the usefulness of application of a laser Doppler sensor to perform dynamic measurements on a large number of stay cables is also stressed, as well as the feasibility of experimental evaluation of dynamic amplification factors associated to the passage of heavy traffic. (From the Summary of the paper entitled: ''Dynamic Tests on Vasco da Gama Cable-Stayed Bridge'', published in the IABSE Conference on Cable-Stayed Bridges Past, Present and Future Malmo, Suecia, 1999)

Lecture [24]: Use of Integrated Shop Drawings for the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
Mr. James P. Duxbury, P.E.

Duration: 20:00 minutes
Event: Helsinki
Keywords: 3D Modeling, Clash Detection, Integrated Shop Drawings, San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, Suspension Bridge, Steel Bridge.
Summary: The new San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge will replace the seismically vulnerable East Spans of the existing bridge. The Integrated Shop Drawing process was used during design and construction of critical concrete components of this structure. The final design plans generated are considered to be the next generation of design plans (a hybrid between design plans and shop drawings). These design plans are representative of a fully integrated 3D model and are prepared in color with structural elements between plans being color coordinated, utilize bar bending detailing standards as well as use bar callouts which are based on reinforcement supplier industry standards.

Lecture [25]: Parametric Description of Bridge Structures
Dr.-Ing. Casimir Katz

Duration: 25:00 minutes
Event: Helsinki
Keywords: Parametric Descriptions, Bridges, Cross Sections.
Summary: As information is inevitably lost by computing, we often have the problem that during our design process relevant information is missing. One possibility to overcome this is to use parametric descriptions. To apply this technology, there are several techniques available. To design bridges, classical approaches are insufficient, and more sophisticated approaches are necessary.

Lecture [26]: Use of Building Information Models: a contractor's point of view
Mr. Claude Dumoulin

Duration: 13:00 minutes
Event: Helsinki
Keywords: Building Information Model, Virtual Construction, computer simulation.
Summary: The so-called Virtual Construction technology promotes a wide use of digital mock-ups and computer simulations for modelling the tri-dimensional (3D) geometry and analysing the behaviours of a structure. The aim is to identify and anticipate problems as soon as possible during the design and construction processes in order to make the most adequate decision in the right time. A global management and storage of all the data defining the structure guarantee to all the stakeholders access to the right updated information and will avoid re-keying the needed data.The present presentation provides an overview on the use of that technology in civil engineering based on a contractor's experience. Promising results have been identified when using a stand-alone system. Problems remain to be solved when applying it in a collaborative environment. The important facet is not the tools availability but the ability of an organisation to adopt virtual construction and reap the benefits that the technology can bring. As such, the need to get the company culture and process in place is paramount.

Lecture [27]: Bridge and infrastructure management systems: an Italian experience
Dott. Ing. Livia Pardi

Duration: 16:13 minutes
Event: Helsinki
Keywords:
Summary:

Lecture [28]: The Structural Design of the Worlds Tallest Structure:The Burj Dubai Tower
Mr. William F. Baker

Duration: 30:00 minutes
Event: Chicago
Keywords: Wind engineering, buttressed core, high performance concrete
Summary: The design of supertall buildings is typically governed by their interaction with lateral winds and gravity loads. Selection of the building shaping and structural system can greatly affect the wind and gravity behavior of the structure. This presentation will consider the case study of the Burj Dubai Tower to demonstrate the design process and philosophy utilized in the design of supertall buildings.

Lecture [29]: Past, Present and Future: Trends, Drivers and Challenges in Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
Mr. Antony Wood

Duration: 30:00 minutes
Event: Chicago
Keywords: Tall Buildings, Design, Trends, Challenges, Sustainability
Summary: This presentation outlines the major influences on tall building design in the early stages of the 21st Century. At this unprecedented time in terms of the scale and number of tall buildings being built globally, the charts some of the recent trends in tall buildings, and suggests some of the drivers. It also looks to the growing challenges in the future and, through design-research case studies undertaken by the author at the Universities of Nottingham, UK and the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, suggests design responses to face some of these challenges.

Lecture [30]: Appropriate Seismic Regulations for Urban Structures
Mr. Loring A. Wyllie

Duration: 29:00 minutes
Event: Chicago
Keywords: Seismic Regulations, Urban Structures
Summary: Urban areas subjected to significant earthquake shaking require appropriate regulations and guidelines for seismic resistant construction. While seismic design codes and criteria are similar worldwide, every country and urban area has specific limitations on certain construction types and systems. There is a need for universal criteria, however there must be suitable caution in adopting new approaches not yet proven in actual earthquake exposures.Bridges have been the subject of major changes in design criteria in recent years, hopefully to prevent the all too frequent collapse of critical spans. Underground structures and tunnels have received little attention recently and appropriate criteria is needed built on a consensus base. New buildings are perhaps the most regulated of structures, although new performance based designs are pushing the bounds for acceptance. These new designs need careful and thorough study to ensure acceptable performance. Existing buildings and bridges are perhaps our greatest urban hazard in strong earthquakes, and appropriate mitigation strategies and criteria are needed to gradually reduce these hazards.

Lecture [31]: Personal Involvement in early US Cable-Stayed Bridges
Dipl.-Ing. Holger Svensson

Duration: 30:00 minutes
Event: Chicago
Keywords: Cable-stayed bridges, design alternates, post-tensioning, concrete girders, composite girders, construction engineering, free-cantilevering, aerodynamic stability
Summary: The personal involvement of the author in the early US cable-stayed bridges is outlined, including the Pasco and Huntington concrete bridges and the Burlington and Fred Hartman composite bridges.Keywords: Cable-stayed bridges; design alternates; post-tensioning; concrete girders; composite girders; construction engineering; free-cantilevering; aerodynamic stability

Lecture [32]: New Trends and New Models for Analyzing Dynamic Interactions
Mr. Christian Cremona

Duration: 26:00 minutes
Event: Chicago
Keywords: dynamic interaction, parametric resonance, human induced vibrations, wind induced vibrations.
Summary: Vibration problems in structures is become a major topic for structural engineers due to the slenderness of the designed structural systems. In a classical design approach, loads act on the structures and the structural response is calculated through a model which is usually does not interact with the loading. In the past, the analysis of wind effects on bridges or flexible structures have changed such a calculation approach; flow induced vibrations have highlighted that the studied system was no longer the structure itself but a coupled system including the fluid and the structure.Such coupled problems are now very common; to date, the last one is certainly the human-induced vibration problems met in footbridges, but seismic design also involves complex models for soil-structure interaction. The interaction between vehicles and bridges, for high speed tracks, is a topic becoming more and more pregnant. All these coupled vibration problems require sophisticated techniques, but more drastically new modelling approaches for structural engineers. This keynote will address the new trends for analysing dynamic interactions; emphasis will be nevertheless given to major problems met today in bridges: human-induced vibrations and flow-induced vibrations.Keywords: dynamic interaction, parametric resonance, human induced vibrations, wind induced vibrations.

Lecture [33]: Engineering for Climate Change - The Adaptation Challenge and the Role of the Engineers
Mr. Peter Head

Duration: 19:00 minutes
Event: Chicago
Keywords: The transition to the Ecological Age, Model, Creating and Renewing Urban Structures, Eco-city developments, Climate, Sustainability
Summary: In recent decades it has become clear that there can be no viable future for humanity without a healthy planet. Earth, water and air support the existence of an immensely complex living system, powered by the sun. We are part of this web of life and within a few generations we are using up most of the earth's stored fossil fuel resources. Their transfer from the earth to the atmosphere is significantly altering its composition. From our ever expanding urban centres, our tentacles now spread across the world. Our globalising economic system is destabilising the planet's life-support systems-the very systems that support us and the future of our children.I aim to provide some innovative answers to the questions that flow from this: Can we move towards a sustainable way of living? What policies and investments are needed in low, middle and high income countries? What is the role of the engineer in leading this transition to an Ecological Age? I will start by examining the problems we are facing and then highlight the opportunities for change using examples of city retrofit and design of new urban settlements. I will show what we can do over the next 50 years and draw some firm conclusions about policies, changes, investments and the role of the engineer.

Lecture [34]: Major Bridge Projects A Multi-disciplinary Approach - The Future
Mr. Klaus OSTENFELD

Duration: 37:00 minutes
Event: Shanghai
Keywords: Bridges, Materials, Climate, Risk, Safety, Environment, Socioeconomics, Traffic, CO2, Energy, Life Cycle, Society, Aesthetics
Summary: Modern bridge building is much more than concrete, steel and money. The overall socioeconomic impact, influence on people migration, traffic, use of primary materials, safety of construction impact on the environment, energy, risk scenarios, health, and most relevant now: climate and CO2 emmisions, are amongst the parameters which enter into the decision process at the overall holistic conceptual level, the more detailed level of selection of bridge sites, and selection of bridge types as well as construction methods and selection of materials and products. The presentation illustrates these dilemmas and illustrates by specific examples how this complicated decision process can be managed and structured in order to arrive at an overall satisfactory solution for design, construction and maintenance throughout the lifetime (life cycle) to these sometimes contradictory parameters and requirements.

Lecture [35]: China s Major Bridges
Prof. Maorun FENG

Duration: 38:00 minutes
Event: Shanghai
Keywords: girder bridge, arch bridge, cable-supported bridge, cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge, steel-concrete composite bridge
Summary: In response to continuous economic development over the past 30 years, China has mobilized a program of large scale bridge construction. The technology of various types of bridges, including girder bridges, arch bridges, and cable-supported bridges, has been developed rapidly. Bridge spanning capacity has been continuously improved. Girder bridges with main span of 330 m, arch bridges with main span of 550 m, cable-stayed bridges with main span of 1088 m and suspension bridges with main span of 1650 m have already been built. Moreover, two sea-crossing bridges with overall length over 30 km have also been opened to traffic. This presentation briefly introduces China's major bridges, including girder bridges with spans greater than 200 m, arch bridges with spans greater than 400 m, cable-stayed bridges with spans greater than 600 m, and suspension bridges with spans greater than 1200 m. These bridges represent technological progress in such aspects as structural system, materials, as well as construction methods and equipment.

Lecture [36]: The Bridge Evolution in the Future: Values of Bridges in the Formation of Cities
Prof. Sung-Pil Chang

Duration: 24:00 minutes
Event: Shanghai
Keywords: values of bridges, city formation, public infrastructure, cultural asset
Summary: Space and agglomeration are perhaps the most basic features in city formation. City formation also requires continuous investment in public infrastructure, housing, and business capital, which makes cities form and grow in sequence. As public infrastructure, bridge is closely related to the sedentarization and agglomeration of population as well as to the transportation of people and goods. Accordingly, the values of bridge are examined with respect to the evolution of bridge within the city formation process so as to predict the future development trends of bridge and corresponding meanings. The major social roles fulfilled by bridges as social infrastructures and cultural asset are examined and extended to their roles in the city formation and further in the economic development process of a country.

Lecture [37]: The Rion-Antirion Bridge - When a Dream becomes Reality
Mr. Jacques Combault

Duration: 27:00 minutes
Event: Shanghai
Keywords: Bridge, multi cable-stayed spans, soil reinforcement, inclusions, yield theory, capacity design, push-over, dry dock, wet dock.
Summary: Opened to traffic in August 2004, the Rion-Antirion Bridge crosses the Gulf of Corinth near Patras in western Greece. It consists of an impressive multi cable-stayed span bridge connected to the land by two approaches. An exceptional combination of physical conditions made this project quite unusual: high water depth, deep strata of weak soil, strong seismic activity and fault displacements. In addition a risk of heavy ship collision had to be taken into account. The structure has been designed in view of challenging severe earthquakes and ensuring the everyday serviceability of the link as well. To make the bridge feasible, innovative techniques had to be developed: The strength of the in-situ soil has been improved by means of inclusions; the bridge deck has been suspended on its full length, and therefore isolated as much as it can be. Keywords: Bridge, multi cable-stayed spans, soil reinforcement, inclusions, yield theory, capacity design, push-over, dry dock, wet dock.

Lecture [38]: From Bridges across Great Belt and Oresund towards a Femern Belt Bridge
Prof. Niels J GIMSING

Duration: 31:00 minutes
Event: Shanghai
Keywords: Box girder bridge, suspension bridge, cable-stayed bridge, wind tunnel test, composite action
Summary: In Denmark the construction of three major bridges was initiated in the 1990.s: Storebaelt Bridge (Great Belt Bridge), Oresund Bridge and Femern Belt Bridge. The first two were completed in 1998 and 2000, respectively, and the third is expected to be constructed during the second decade of the 21st century. In both design and construction procedures a number of innovative features have been introduced

Lecture [39]: The Twin River Bridges Chongqing, China
Dr. Man-Chung Tang

Duration: 23:00 minutes
Event: Shanghai
Keywords: Long span bridges, partially cable-supported girder bridge, cable-stayed bridge, extradosed, steel truss, bridge aesthetics, Chongqing
Summary: The Dongshuimen Bridge over the Yangtze River and the Qianximen Bridge over the Jialing River in Chongqing are located at the tip of the Yuzhong Peninsula. Together, they are called the Twin River Bridges. Both are double deck structures carrying four lanes of traffic on their upper decks and two transit tracks on their lower decks. The girders are steel truss structures with orthotropic plates and the towers are made of concrete. Aesthetics were carefully considered for the design of these bridges because of their visibility in the city and their neighboring landmarks.

Lecture [40]: Recent Major Bridges in Korea
Prof. Hyun-Moo KOH

Duration: 24:00 minutes
Event: Shanghai
Keywords: Bridge Technology, Sea-crossing Bridges, Cable-Supported Bridges, R&D programs.
Summary: During a relatively short period, bridge technology in Korea has recognized outstanding development. Owing to the governmental policy aiming to achieve balanced regional development, unprecedented bridge construction activities are conducted in the peninsula, especially in the southwestern coast to link some of the 3,000 islands with the mainland. Korean bridge engineers are now designing and constructing bridges using domestic technology, which has today reached a level enabling to realize the erection of numerous sea-crossing bridges counting among the longest in the world like Incheon cable-stayed bridge (main span 800m) and Gwangyang suspension bridge (main span 1545m). This presentation reviews the evolution of modern bridge construction in Korea and presents major bridges recently erected or to be built. R&D programs dedicated to the advancement of bridge technology are also introduced.